Concrete- An artificial stone-like material used for various structural purposes. It is made by mixing cement and various aggregates, such as sand, pebbles, gravel, shale, etc., with water and allowing the mixture to harden by hydration.

Here are just a few facts to help convince you that the topic of concrete deserves to become a part of your science curriculum:
Concrete is everywhere!! Roads, sidewalks, houses, bridges, skyscrapers, pipes, dams, canals, missile silos, and nuclear waste containment. There are even concrete canoes and Frisbee competitions.
It is strong, inexpensive, plentiful, and easy to make. But more importantly, it's versatile. It can be molded to just about any shape.
Concrete is friendly to the environment. It's virtually all natural. It's recyclable.
It is the most frequently used material in construction.
Slightly more than a ton of concrete is produced every year for each person on the planet, approximately 6 billion tons per year.
By weight, one-half to two-thirds of our infrastructures are made of concrete such as: roads, bridges, buildings, airports, sewers, canals, dams, and subways.
Approximately 60% of our concrete highways need repair and 40% of our concrete highway bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete.
Large cities lose up to 30% of their daily water supply due to leaks in concrete water pipes.
It has been estimated that the necessary repairs and improvements to our infrastructures will cost $3.3 trillion over a nineteen-year period. $1 trillion of that is needed for repairing the nation's concrete.
Cement has been around for at least 12 million years and has played an important role in history.

APPLICATIONS OF CONCRETE

Past, Present, and Future

roads sidewalks houses 
bricks/blocks bridges walls 
beams foundations floors 
sewer pipes water mains computer chip backing ** 
canals missile silos containment of nuclear waste 
dams churches automobile brake lining ** 
caskets monuments solidification of hazardous wastes 
tombs indoor furniture garden ornaments 
swimming pools airport runways sailing boats 
canoes barges subways 
tunnels parking garages patio bricks 
holding tanks cement "overshoes" sculptures 
flower pots & planters chimneys mantels 
ballast bath tubs grave vaults 
bank vaults basements lamp posts 
telephone poles electric light poles Frisbees 
headstones steps fence posts 
business/credit cards ** fertilizer bone replacement ** 
insulating tiles/bricks corn silos park benches 
parking stones roof tiles water troughs 
water tanks curb & gutters nuclear reactor containment structures 
artificial rocks office buildings parking lots 
railroad ties airports monorails 
picnic tables swimming pools break waters 
wharves & piers bird baths barbecue pits 
stadium seats fountains lunar bases ** 
** Denotes future applications.

The History of Concrete: Pictorial 

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